January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, and in honor of that, here are five things you might not know about HPV. While cervical cancer is the most common and well-known HPV cancer, it’s not the only type of cancer HPV infections can cause. With HPV vaccine, we have a powerful tool to prevent most of these cancers from ever developing. Although most HPV infections go away on their own, infections that don’t go away (persist) can cause changes in the cells and lead to cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that infects both women and men.